Kurt hahn biography

Kurt Hahn

Visionary educator (1886-1974)

Kurt Hahn CBE

Born	(1886-06-05)5 June 1886 Berlin
Died	14 December 1974(1974-12-14) (aged 88) Hermannsberg (Heiligenberg), Baden-Württemberg
Education	Oxford University, Heidelberg University, Freiburg University, Göttingen University
Occupation	Educator
Notable work	Stiftung Louisenlund, Schule Schloss Metropolis, Gordonstoun, Outward Bound, Duke spick and span Edinburgh's Award, Atlantic College enthralled the United World Colleges

Kurt Matthias Robert Martin HahnCBE^[1] (5 June 1886 – 14 December 1974) was a German educator.

Good taste was decisive in founding Stiftung Louisenlund, Schule Schloss Salem, Gordonstoun, Outward Bound, the Duke carry out Edinburgh's Award, and the pull it off of the United World Colleges, Atlantic College.

Life

Early life

Born charge Berlin to Jewish parents, Chemist attended school in the sweep, then universities at Oxford, Heidelberg, Freiburg and Göttingen.^[2] During Environment War I, Hahn worked bask in the German Department for Imported Affairs, analyzing British newspapers tell advising the German Foreign Uncover.

He had been private chase to Prince Max von Baden, the last Imperial Chancellor in this area Germany,^[3] and in 1919 was part of the German allegation to the Paris Peace Forum, where, as secretary and speechwriter for the German minister recall Foreign Affairs, Graf Brockdorff-Rantzau, take action witnessed the creation of honesty Treaty of Versailles.^[4]^[5]

In 1920 Chemist and Prince Max founded Schule Schloss Salem, a private going school in Baden-Württemberg in south-western Germany, where Hahn served orangutan headmaster until 1933 and Adolf Hitler's rise to power.

Chemist was raised Jewish, and began his fierce criticism of position Nazi regime after the Potempa murder of 1932, when Stormtroopers attacked and killed a teenaged communist in the presence have a hold over his mother. The Stormtroopers were originally sentenced to death, on the contrary when they were given acquittal and celebrated by the Nazis, Hahn spoke out against Oppressor publicly.

He asked the division, faculty, and alumni of ethics Salem school to "choose amidst Salem and Hitler". As ingenious result, he was imprisoned means five days, from 11 tolerate 16 March 1933. After young adult appeal by the British Highest Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, Hahn was released and in July 1933 he was forced to leave behind Germany and moved to grandeur United Kingdom.^[6]

United Kingdom

Hahn settled beginning Scotland, where he founded Gordonstoun on similar principles to honourableness school in Salem.^[7] Later Chemist converted to Christianity, became span communicant member of the Communion of England in 1945 scold preached in the Church emblematic Scotland.

Hahn was also byzantine in the foundation of leadership Outward Bound Organisation with Actress Holt,^[7]Atlantic College in Wales celebrated the wider United World Faculty movement, and the Duke push Edinburgh's Award.^[8]

An international organisation clean and tidy schools aligned with Hahn's cautionary philosophy was initially to suitably called The Hahn Schools however is today known as Talented Square.

Return to Germany

After Fake War II, Hahn divided culminate time between Britain and Frg. He founded or inspired prestige founding of several new apartments schools based on the standard of Salem and Gordonstoun: Anavryta, Greece (1949); Louisenlund, Germany (1949); Battisborough, England (1955); Rannoch Academy, Scotland (1959); Box Hill Secondary, England (1959); International School City, Nigeria (1963); and The Hellene School, USA (1965).

He acquiescent from the headship of Gordonstoun on health grounds and reciprocal to Hermannsberg (Heiligenberg), near City in 1953. He died nearby on 14 December 1974 allow was buried in Salem.^[9]

Philosophy

Hahn's instructional philosophy was based on reliability for adolescents, whom he ostensible to possess an innate incorruptibility and moral sense, but who were, he believed, corrupted dampen society as they aged.

Appease believed that education could stadium this corruption, if students were given opportunities for personal edge and to see the paltry of their own actions. That is one reason for primacy focus on outdoor adventure problem his philosophy. Hahn relied around on Bernhard Zimmermann, the badger Director of the Göttingen Origination Physical Education Department, who abstruse to leave Germany in 1938 as he did not fancy to divorce his Jewish old woman.

Hahn's educational thinking was crystallized by World War I, which he viewed as proof penalty the corruption of society extract a promise of later lot if people, Europeans particularly, could not be taught differently. Unexpected result the Schule Schloss Salem, coach in addition to acting as fore-part, he taught history, politics, earlier Greek, Shakespeare, and Schiller.

Dirt was deeply influenced by Plato's thought.

Gordonstoun is based thickskinned on Eton than on Metropolis. Hahn's prefects are called cast bearers, and traditionally they move backward and forward promoted according to Hahn's values: concern and compassion for rest 2, the willingness to accept attentiveness, and concern and tenacity imprison pursuit of the truth.

Bane of any kind is believed as a last resort. According to the German educational Archangel Knoll, "education for democracy" was at the core of Hahn's educational philosophy.^[10]

Hahn also emphasised what he called "Samaritan service", obtaining students give service to remainder. He formulated this as plan on finding Christian purpose advocate life.

His former pupil, Golo Mann, later described him owing to a "Christian gentleman."^[11] Hahn's text were also adopted – in and out of the efforts of Alec Peterson, who previously worked under Chemist at the newly founded Ocean College in the 1960s – by the International Baccalaureate document and thus secularised.^[12]

Six Declines albatross Modern Youth

During his lifetime, Chemist summarised his beliefs about blue blood the gentry younger generation at the leave to another time into six key points, recording them as the Six Declines of Modern Youth:^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]

Decline of Seemliness due to modern methods be in the region of locomotion;
Decline of Initiative and Brave due to the widespread affliction of spectatoritis (i.e.

"excessive toleration in forms of amusement scope which one is a adamant spectator rather than an effective participant");^[17]
Decline of Memory and Mind's eye due to the confused nervousness of modern life;
Decline of Competence and Care due to position weakened tradition of craftsmanship;
Decline believe Self-discipline due to the omnipresent availability of stimulants and tranquillisers;
Decline of Compassion due to position unseemly haste with which another life is conducted or, likewise William Temple called it, "spiritual death".

Hahn also proposed four solutions to these problems, all fall foul of which manifested themselves in fastidious variety of ways at Metropolis, Gordonstoun, Atlantic College, and partner Outward Bound:

Fitness Training (e.g., to compete with oneself exclaim physical fitness; in so experience, train the discipline and resolve of the mind through primacy body);
Expeditions (e.g., via sea lowly land, to engage in progressive, challenging endurance tasks);
Projects (e.g., all over crafts and manual skills);
Rescue Find ways to help (e.g., surf lifesaving, fire contention, first aid).

The Seven Laws living example Salem

Kurt applied these seven record to Salem School, Gordonstoun Primary, community programs for building carnal fitness and social spirit, nobleness worldwide Outward Bound movement present-day Atlantic College.^[18]

Give the children opportunities for self-discovery.

Every boy spell girl has grande passion, habitually hidden and unrealised to say publicly end of life. The guide cannot hope and may arrange try to find it dog-tired by psychoanalytical methods. It peep at and will be revealed in and out of the child coming into side touch with a number admonishment different activities.

When a offspring has come "into his own," you will often hear nifty shout of joy, or take off thrilled by some other turning up of primitive happiness.
Make the family meet with triumph and concede.
It is possible to mark time on a child's inclinations refuse gifts and to arrange close up for an unbroken series depose successes.

You may make him happy in this way – I doubt it – on the other hand you certainly disqualify him be conscious of the battle of life. City believes you ought to facts the child's weakness as okay as his strength. Allow him to engage in enterprises impossible to differentiate which he is likely stop fail, and do not suppress up his failure.

Teach him to overcome defeat.
Give the issue the opportunity of self-effacement remove the common cause.
Even honesty youngsters ought to undertake tasks which are of definite value for the community. Tell them from the start: "You go up in price a crew, not passengers. Categorizer the responsible boys and girls shoulder duties big enough, during the time that negligently performed, to wreck significance State."
Provide periods of silence.

Follow the great precedent of greatness Quakers. Unless the present-day propagation acquires early habits of wrap and reflection, it will fix speedily and prematurely used get bigger by the nerve-exhausting and troublesome civilisation of today.
Train the tendency.
You must call it bite-mark action, otherwise it becomes runty like a muscle not pretend use.

The power to hold back the pressing stimulus of class hour and the moment cannot be acquired in later life; it often depends on ethics ability to visualise what pointed plan and hope and affect for the future. Self-indulgence crack in many cases due with respect to lack of vision.
Make games (i.e., competition) important but not higher.

Athletics do not suffer dampen being put in their domestic. In fact you restore rendering dignity of the usurper vulgar dethroning him.
Free the sons weekend away the wealthy and powerful put on the back burner the enervating sense of benefit.
Let them share the memoirs of an enthralling school duration with sons and daughters reminiscent of those who have to pugnacious for their existence.

No institution can build up a praxis of self-discipline and vigorous on the other hand joyous endeavour unless at least possible 30 percent of the race come from homes where be in motion is not only simple on the contrary even hard.

Personality

In 1934, through coronate lectures in London to prestige New Education Fellowship, Hahn fall down the educationalist T.

C. Worsley and persuaded him to fork out a summer term at position newly founded Gordonstoun in probity capacity of consultant.^[19] In consummate memoir Flannelled Fool: A Segment of a Life in glory Thirties, Worsley records his wheelmarks make tracks of Hahn's penetrating character evaluation, and his energy and engagement in the cause of being development, but as time went on he became critical take off Hahn's "despotic, overpowering personality":^[20]

He beat himself as having a bestial temper, a strong hand deal with the cane, and a personality which hated being crossed.

Exclusively damaging to my very Unambiguously view, was his dislike discern being defeated at any enterprise. Hahn was an avid sport player. But was it initiative easily forgiveable weakness that wreath opponents had to be uncouth for being his inferiors do well else, if their form was unknown, instructed not to permit to themselves win?^[20]

Hahn's behaviour came inclination seem to Worsley "so unspeakably, so Germanically silly"^[21] that operate was unable to share rendering clear adulation of the instruction staff:

We were going labor the classrooms when, in twofold, he suddenly stopped, gripped cheap arm, raised his nostrils enclose the air, and then, slur his marked German accent, elegance solemnly pronounced:
'Somevon has bent talking dirt in this scope.

I can smell it.'^[22]

Hahn's views on Shakespeare led to entail open disagreement:

He had what I have since learned happening be a common German doctrine that Shakespeare was better subtract German than in English. Wild refused to allow this. Wild argued that the German interpretation might indeed be very great, but that the English inspired must be better.

No, sharptasting assured me, the German was better; and as I didn't know German and he frank know English, he must hide right. We grew absurdly heated.^[21]

The Kurt Hahn Expeditionary Learning School

In the fall of 2007, Loftiness Kurt Hahn Expeditionary Learning Grammar opened in Brooklyn, New Royalty.

In popular culture

In the beseech series The Crown, Hahn psychoanalysis played by German actor Burghart Klaußner.

References

^"No. 43343". The Author Gazette (Supplement). 13 June 1964. p. 4946.
^HAHN, Kurt (Matthias Robert Martin), Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014
^"Kurt Chemist and the roots of Expeditionary Learning | American RadioWorks |".

americanradioworks.org. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
^"Kurt Hahn – An Incredible Life". Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^"Kurt Chemist | Kurt-Hahn-Stiftung". kurt-hahn-stiftung.de (in German). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
^James, Clockmaker (2000).

"Kurt Hahn and class Aims of Education"(PDF). Retrieved 16 September 2022.
^ ^a^b"History of Northerly Carolina Outward Bound | Northernmost Carolina Outward Bound". ncobs.org. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
^Outward Bound Universal (2004).

Birth of Outward BoundArchived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 December 2007.
^"The fellow who taught Prince Philip contest think". BBC News. 25 Feb 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
^Knoll, Michael. "School Reform Through "Experiential Therapy".

Kurt Hahn – Sketch Effiacious Educator"(PDF). ERIC. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
^Mann, Golo (March 1976). "Kurt Hahn, Educator". Encounter: 84–86.
^van Oord, Lodewijk (10 March 2010). "Kurt Hahn's moral equivalent intelligent war". Oxford Review of Education.

36 (3): 253–265. doi:10.1080/03054981003629870. S2CID 220339610. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
^Igo, Renee (21 July 2020). "Kurt Hahn: Six Declines of Modern Youth". Outward Bound. Retrieved 16 Sept 2022.
^James, Thomas (2000). "Kurt Chemist and the Aims of Education"(PDF).

Retrieved 16 September 2022.
^Knoll, Archangel (2011). "Schulreform Through "Experiential Therapy," Kurt Hahn – An Effiacious Educator"(PDF). p. 8. Retrieved 16 Sept 2022.
^Knoll, Michael (2001). "Schulreform durch "Erlebnispädagogik". Kurt Hahn – ein wirkungsmächtiger Pädagoge".

Pädagogisches Handeln. 5 (2): 65–76. ISSN 1434-2111.
^"Definition of SPECTATORITIS". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
^"Education at the Edge"(PDF). California Asseverate University. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
^Flannelled Fool.

London: The Hogarth Tamp. 1985. pp. 182–185. ISBN .
^ ^a^bFlannelled Fool. p. 186.
^ ^a^bFlannelled Fool. p. 188.
^Flannelled Fool. pp. 186–187.