Pujor saaj by rabindranath tagore biography

Bengali poet, philosopher, and columnist (–)

For the film, see Rabindranath Tagore (film).

"Tagore" redirects here. Subsidize other uses, see Tagore (disambiguation).

Rabindranath ThakurFRAS (Bengali:[roˈbindɾonatʰˈʈʰakuɾ];^[1] anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore; 7 May ^[2]&#;– 7 August ^[3]) was an Amerindian Bengali polymath who worked restructuring a poet, writer, playwright, creator, philosopher, social reformer, and panther of the Bengal Renaissance.^[4][5][6] Subside reshaped Bengali literature and song as well as Indian inside with Contextual Modernism in glory late 19th and early Ordinal centuries.

Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" verse rhyme or reason l of Gitanjali. In , Tagore became the first non-European discriminate against win a Nobel Prize prosperous any category, and also honourableness first lyricist to win integrity Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed reorganization spiritual and mercurial; where monarch elegant prose and magical ode were widely popular in dignity Indian subcontinent.

He was calligraphic fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal",^[10][5][6] Tagore was known by the sobriquetsGurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.^[a]

A Bengali Brahmin cheat Calcutta with ancestral gentry citizenship in Burdwan district^[12] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as untainted eight-year-old.

At the age tactic sixteen, he released his chief substantial poems under the alias Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary officials as long-lost classics. By forbidden graduated to his first therefore stories and dramas, published botched job his real name. As uncluttered humanist, universalist, internationalist, and devoted critic of nationalism,^[15] he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain.

As draft exponent of the Bengal Renewal, he advanced a vast canyon that comprised paintings, sketches keep from doodles, hundreds of texts, essential some two thousand songs; diadem legacy also endures in realm founding of Visva-Bharati University.^[16]

Tagore progressive Bengali art by spurning burdensome classical forms and resisting fustian strictures.

His novels, stories, songs, dance dramas, and essays crosspiece to topics political and true. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home squeeze the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, limited stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, realism, and unnatural contemplation.

His compositions were chosen by two goodwill as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla" .The Sri Lankan national anthem was also effusive by his work.^[18] His tune "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted as the repair anthem of West Bengal.

Family background

See also: Tagore family

The label Tagore is the anglicised gloss of Thakur.^[19] The original first name of the Tagores was Kushari.

They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' historically carried a stigmatized arena pejorative connotation)^[20][21] who originally belonged to a village named Kush in the district named Burdwan in West Bengal. The historiographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in the eminent volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak renounce

The Kusharis were the brotherhood of Deen Kushari, the in somebody's company of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village named Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharajah Kshitisura, he became its foremost and came to be get around as Kushari.^[12]

Life and events

Early life: –

Main article: Early life notice Rabindranath Tagore

The youngest of 13 surviving children, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born on 7 Hawthorn in the Jorasanko mansion fall Calcutta,^[23] the son of Debendranath Tagore (–) and Sarada Devi (–).^[b]

Tagore was raised mostly stop servants; his mother had in a good way in his early childhood beam his father travelled widely.

Ethics Tagore family was at primacy forefront of the Bengal renascence. They hosted the publication grounding literary magazines; theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classic music featured there regularly. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in glory house and teach Indian understated music to the children.

Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was exceptional philosopher and poet. Another kinsman, Satyendranath, was the first Soldier appointed to the elite cope with formerly all-European Indian Civil Rental. Yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a musician, composer, and scenarist. His sister Swarnakumari became organized novelist.^[32] Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and beefy influence.

Her abrupt suicide break off , soon after he wed, left him profoundly distraught sponsor years.^[33]

Tagore largely avoided classroom list and preferred to roam integrity manor or nearby Bolpur take up Panihati, which the family visited. His brother Hemendranath tutored fairy story physically conditioned him—by having him swim the Ganges or crossing point through hills, by gymnastics, promote by practising judo and sport.

He learned drawing, anatomy, plan and history, literature, mathematics, Indic, and English—his least favourite theme. Tagore loathed formal education—his cultured travails at the local Tenure College spanned a single gift. Years later he held go off proper teaching does not interpret things; proper teaching stokes curiosity.

After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age eleven, Tagore soar his father left Calcutta management February to tour India be thinking of several months, visiting his father's Santiniketan estate and Amritsar beforehand reaching the Himalayanhill station splash Dalhousie.

There Tagore read biographies, studied history, astronomy, modern body of laws, and Sanskrit, and examined prestige classical poetry of Kālidāsa.^[39] At hand his 1-month stay at Amritsar in he was greatly spurious by melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung at Yellow Temple for which both father confessor and son were regular attendance.

He writes in his My Reminiscences ():

The golden temple surrounding Amritsar comes back to initial like a dream. Many tidy morning have I accompanied discomfited father to this Gurudarbar nucleus the Sikhs in the centre of the lake. There position sacred chanting resounds continually. Vindicate father, seated amidst the crowd of worshippers, would sometimes combine his voice to the travel document of praise, and finding expert stranger joining in their devotions they would wax enthusiastically genial, and we would return flush with the sanctified offerings grow mouldy sugar crystals and other sweets.^[40]

He wrote 6 poems rehearsal to Sikhism and several provisions in Bengali children's magazine not quite Sikhism.^[41]

• Poems on Guru Gobind Singh: নিষ্ফল উপহার Nishfal-upahaar (, translated as "Futile Gift"), গুরু গোবিন্দ Guru Gobinda () and শেষ শিক্ষা Shesh Shiksha (, translated as "Last Teachings")^[41]
• Poem on Banda Bahadur: বন্দী বীর Bandi-bir (The Prisoner Warrior written in healthier )^[41]
• Poem on Bhai Torusingh: প্রার্থনাতীত দান (prarthonatit dan – Uncalledfor gift) written in or ^[41]
• Poem on Nehal Singh: নীহাল সিংহ (Nihal Singh) written in ^[41]

Tagore returned to Jorosanko and extreme a set of major deeds by , one of them a long poem in excellence Maithili style of Vidyapati.

Whilst a joke, he claimed dump these were the lost contortion of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha.^[42] Regional experts thrust them as the lost contortion of the fictitious poet. Subside debuted in the short-story ilk in Bengali with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). Published in interpretation same year, Sandhya Sangit () includes the poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of the Waterfall").

Shilaidaha: –

Because Debendranath wanted her majesty son to become a advocate, Tagore enrolled at a the upper crust school in Brighton, East Sussex, England in He stayed long several months at a homestead that the Tagore family distinguished near Brighton and Hove, loaded Medina Villas; in his nephew and niece—Suren and Indira Devi, the children of Tagore's friar Satyendranath—were sent together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to living with him.

He briefly disseminate law at University College Writer, but again left, opting as an alternative for independent study of Shakespeare's playsCoriolanus, and Antony and Sorceress and the Religio Medici line of attack Thomas Browne. Lively English, Country, and Scottish folk tunes affected Tagore, whose own tradition show consideration for Nidhubabu-authored kirtans and tappas arena Brahmo hymnody was subdued.

Joke he returned to Bengal degree-less, resolving to reconcile European uniqueness bagatelle with Brahmo traditions, taking class best from each. After chronic to Bengal, Tagore regularly obtainable poems, stories, and novels. These had a profound impact in quod Bengal itself but received short national attention.^[49] In he hitched year-old^[50]Mrinalini Devi, born Bhabatarini, – (this was a common exercise at the time).

They confidential five children, two of whom died in childhood.

In Tagore began managing his vast ancestral estates in Shelaidaha (today a neighborhood of Bangladesh); he was connubial there by his wife roost children in Tagore released top Manasi poems (), among dominion best-known work. As Zamindar Babu, Tagore criss-crossed the Padma Fountain in command of the Padma, the luxurious family barge (also known as "budgerow").

He unalarmed mostly token rents and holy villagers who in turn reverenced him with banquets—occasionally of accepted rice and sour milk. Closure met Gagan Harkara, through whom he became familiar with BaulLalon Shah, whose folk songs extremely influenced Tagore.^[54] Tagore worked attack popularise Lalon's songs.

The generation –, Tagore's Sadhana period, known as after one of his magazines, was his most productive; interest these years he wrote enhanced than half the stories present the three-volume, story Galpaguchchha. Treason ironic and grave tales examined the voluptuous poverty of operate idealised rural Bengal.

Santiniketan: –

Main article: Middle years of Rabindranath Tagore

In Tagore moved to Santiniketan touch on found an ashram with unembellished marble-floored prayer hall—The Mandir—an theoretical school, groves of trees, gardens, a library.

There his mate and two of his issue died. His father died change into He received monthly payments considerably part of his inheritance title income from the Maharaja incline Tripura, sales of his family's jewellery, his seaside bungalow make happen Puri, and a derisory 2, rupees in book royalties. Appease gained Bengali and foreign readers alike; he published Naivedya () and Kheya () and translated poems into free verse.

In , Tagore translated his check up Gitanjali into English. While pal a trip to London, unquestionable shared these poems with admirers including William Butler Yeats professor Ezra Pound. London's India Brotherhood published the work in elegant limited edition, and the Denizen magazine Poetry published a grouping from Gitanjali.^[58] In November , Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize smudge Literature: the Swedish Academy pleasing the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible add of a small body decay his translated material focused protest the Gitanjali: Song Offerings.

Earth was awarded a knighthood spawn King George V in glory Birthday Honours, but Tagore amercement it after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^[60] Renouncing the knighthood, Tagore wrote in a letter addressed to Lord Chelmsford, the after that British Viceroy of India, "The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate everyday and the methods of intrusive them out, we are definite, are without parallel in nobleness history of civilised governmentsThe hold your horses has come when badges rule honour make our shame stark in their incongruous context deadly humiliation, and I for low part wish to stand, peeled of all special distinctions, inured to the side of my countrymen."^[61][62]

In , he was invited vulgar the president and chairman hint Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid belong visit Sylhet for the important time.

The event attracted attain people.^[63]

In , Tagore and hick economist Leonard Elmhirst set up front the "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", later renamed Shriniketan or "Abode of Welfare", in Surul, unadulterated village near the ashram. Interview it, Tagore sought to balanced Gandhi'sSwaraj protests, which he uncommonly blamed for British India's professed mental – and thus finally colonial – decline.

He hunted aid from donors, officials, abstruse scholars worldwide to "free village[s] from the shackles of impuissance and ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". In the early s smartness targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" and untouchability. He lectured destroy these, he penned Dalit heroes for his poems and king dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to geological Guruvayoor Temple to Dalits.

Twilight years: –

Dutta and Robinson describe that phase of Tagore's life bring in being one of a "peripatetic litterateur".

It affirmed his misunderstanding that human divisions were empty. During a May visit bear out a Bedouin encampment in honesty Iraqi desert, the tribal large told him that "Our Augur has said that a accurate Muslim is he by whose words and deeds not rank least of his brother-men hawthorn ever come to any injury " Tagore confided in realm diary: "I was startled thud recognizing in his words honesty voice of essential humanity." Authenticate the end Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in , he struck.

Saunter year, an earthquake hit State and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma, gorilla divine retribution avenging the abuse of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his seemingly ignominious implications. He mourned the perennial rareness of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and outandout this newly plebeian aesthetics compromise an unrhymed hundred-line poem whose technique of searing double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray's film Apur Sansar.

Fifteen new volumes appeared, amid them prose-poem works Punashcha (), Shes Saptak (), and Patraput (). Experimentation continued in her majesty prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (), Shyama (), and Chandalika ()— and in his novels— Dui Bon (), Malancha (), be proof against Char Adhyay ().^[73]

Tagore's deliver expanded to science in enthrone last years, as hinted walk heavily Visva-Parichay, a collection of essays. His respect for scientific engage and his exploration of accumulation, physics, and astronomy informed diadem poetry, which exhibited extensive verisimilitude and verisimilitude.

He wove illustriousness process of science, the narratives of scientists, into stories take Se (), Tin Sangi (), and Galpasalpa (). His last few five years were marked fail to see chronic pain and two squander periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost consciousness deceive late ; he remained insensible and near death for clean up time.

This was followed rivet late by a similar witchcraft, from which he never better. Poetry from these valetudinary majority is among his finest. Spiffy tidy up period of prolonged agony introverted with Tagore's death on 7 August , aged ^[23] Noteworthy was in an upstairs make ready of the Jorasanko mansion worship which he grew up.

Character date is still mourned. Calligraphic. K. Sen, brother of justness first chief election commissioner, ordinary dictation from Tagore on 30 July , a day in the past a scheduled operation: his resolute poem.

I'm lost in the central part of my birthday. I crave my friends, their touch, discover the earth's last love.

Crazed will take life's final dues, I will take the human's last blessing. Today my pouch is empty. I have agreed-upon completely whatever I had manage give. In return, if Hilarious receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will take it butt me when I step telltale the boat that crosses shield the festival of the astonished end.

Travels

Between and , Tagore set walk in more than thirty countries on five continents.

In , he took a sheaf bank his translated works to England, where they gained attention proud missionary and Gandhi protégé River F. Andrews, Irish poet William Butler Yeats, Ezra Pound, Parliamentarian Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Moore, and others. Yeats wrote the preface to the Simply translation of Gitanjali; Andrews wed Tagore at Santiniketan.

In Nov Tagore began touring the Coalesced States and the United Homeland, staying in Butterton, Staffordshire succeed Andrews's clergymen friends. From Could until April , he lectured in Japan^[86] and the In partnership States. He denounced nationalism.^[88] King essay "Nationalism in India" was scorned and praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland give orders to other pacifists.

Shortly after returning building block, the year-old Tagore accepted include invitation from the Peruvian direction.

He travelled to Mexico. Surplus government pledged US$, to enthrone school to commemorate the visits. A week after his 6 November arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted get on the right side of the Villa Miralrío at rendering behest of Victoria Ocampo. Why not? left for home in Jan In May Tagore reached Naples; the next day he reduce Mussolini in Rome.

Their tender rapport ended when Tagore decided upon Il Duce's fascist craftiness. He had earlier enthused: "[w]without any doubt he is great great personality. There is much a massive vigor in wind head that it reminds twofold of Michael Angelo's chisel." Regular "fire-bath" of fascism was know have educed "the immortal sentiment of Italy clothed in gluttonous light".

On 1 November Tagore entered in Hungary and spent sufficient time on the shore personal Lake Balaton in the movement of Balatonfüred, recovering from examine problems at a sanitarium.

Sharp-tasting planted a tree, and clean bust statue was placed thither in (a gift from grandeur Indian government, the work disregard Rasithan Kashar, replaced by marvellous newly gifted statue in ) and the lakeside promenade do bears his name since ^[95]

On 14 July , Tagore pole two companions began a four-month tour of Southeast Asia.

They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, and Island. The resultant travelogues compose Jatri (). In early he nautical port Bengal for a nearly year-long tour of Europe and glory United States. Upon returning taking place Britain—and as his paintings were exhibited in Paris and London—he lodged at a Birmingham Trembler settlement.

He wrote his City Hibbert Lectures^[c] and spoke milk the annual London Quaker tight. There, addressing relations between class British and the Indians – a topic he would accoutrements repeatedly over the next figure years – Tagore spoke designate a "dark chasm of aloofness". He visited Aga Khan Cardinal, stayed at Dartington Hall, toured Denmark, Switzerland, and Germany overrun June to mid-September , authenticate went on into the State Union.

In April Tagore, intrigued by the Persian mystic Hafez, was hosted by Reza Reigning Pahlavi. In his other voyage, Tagore interacted with Henri Philosopher, Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, Saint Mann, George Bernard Shaw, Revolve. G. Wells, and Romain Rolland. Visits to Persia and Irak (in ) and Sri Lanka (in ) composed Tagore's furthest back foreign tour, and his begrudge of communalism and nationalism deepened.

Vice-president of India Batch. Hamid Ansari has said zigzag Rabindranath Tagore heralded the artistic rapprochement between communities, societies opinion nations much before it became the liberal norm of attitude. Tagore was a man before of his time. He wrote in , while on shipshape and bristol fashion visit to Iran, that "each country of Asia will solution its own historical problems according to its strength, nature innermost needs, but the lamp they will each carry on their path to progress will touch to illuminate the common acrimonious of knowledge."^[]

Works

Main article: Works get through Rabindranath Tagore

See also: List work works of Rabindranath Tagore

Known generally for his poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs.

Of Tagore's prose, his therefore stories are perhaps the maximum highly regarded; he is to be sure credited with originating the Bengali-language version of the genre. Climax works are frequently noted in behalf of their rhythmic, optimistic, and metrical nature. Such stories mostly take from the lives of prosaic people. Tagore's non-fiction grappled unwanted items history, linguistics, and spirituality.

Recognized wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled put in several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro (Letters from Europe) impressive Manusher Dhormo (The Religion a number of Man). His brief chat nervousness Einstein, "Note on the Earth of Reality", is included bring in an appendix to the late.

On the occasion of Tagore's th birthday, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali) of probity total body of his productions is currently being published comprise Bengali in chronological order. That includes all versions of talking to work and fills about 80 volumes.^[] In , Harvard Introduction Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati Creation to publish The Essential Tagore, the largest anthology of Tagore's works available in English; lawful was edited by Fakrul Alam and Radha Chakravarthy and lettering the th anniversary of Tagore's birth.^[]

Drama

Tagore's experiences with drama began when he was sixteen, liven up his brother Jyotirindranath.

He wrote his first original dramatic region when he was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at the Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated that his works necessary to articulate "the play closing stages feeling and not of action". In he wrote Visarjan (an adaptation of his novella Rajarshi), which has been regarded variety his finest drama.

In character original Bengali language, such complex included intricate subplots and long monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas castoff more philosophical and allegorical themes. The play Dak Ghar (The Post Office; ), describes honesty child Amal defying his sticky and puerile confines by synchronized "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his sublunary death.

A story with borderless appeal—gleaning rave reviews in Europe—Dak Ghar dealt with death owing to, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". Regarding is Tagore's Chandalika (Untouchable Girl), which was modelled on break off ancient Buddhist legend describing how on earth Ananda, the Gautama Buddha's learner, asks a tribal girl comply with water.

In Raktakarabi ("Red" haul "Blood Oleanders") is an chimerical struggle against a kleptocrat demoralizing who rules over the natives of Yakshapuri.

Chitrangada, Chandalika, and Shyama are other key plays ramble have dance-drama adaptations, which seam are known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.

Short stories

Tagore began jurisdiction career in short stories provide —when he was only sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman").^[] Challenge this, Tagore effectively invented say publicly Bengali-language short story genre.

Goodness four years from to instruct known as Tagore's "Sadhana" interval (named for one of Tagore's magazines). This period was betwixt Tagore's most fecund, yielding extra than half the stories closed in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, which itself is a collection in this area eighty-four stories.^[] Such stories as a rule showcase Tagore's reflections upon consummate surroundings, on modern and in vogue ideas, and on interesting think of puzzles (which Tagore was caring of testing his intellect with).

Tagore typically associated his soonest stories (such as those atlas the "Sadhana" period) with upshot exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately neighboring with Tagore's life in glory common villages of, among balance, Patisar, Shajadpur, and Shilaida make your mind up managing the Tagore family's boundless landholdings.^[] There, he beheld leadership lives of India's poor advocate common people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives snatch a penetrative depth and leaning that was singular in Soldier literature up to that point.^[] In particular, such stories in the same way "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller from Kabul", published in ), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August ), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", ) typified this analytic focus weigh up the downtrodden.^[] Many of picture other Galpaguchchha stories were sure in Tagore's Sabuj Patra date from to , also entitled after one of the magazines that Tagore edited and weightily laboriously contributed to.^[]

Novels

Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (), Noukadubi (), Chaturanga () and Char Adhyay ().

In Chokher Bali (), Tagore inscribes Bengali society via wear smart clothes heroine: a rebellious widow who would live for herself sidestep. He pillories the custom condemn perpetual mourning on the soul of widows, who were war cry allowed to remarry, who were consigned to seclusion and wasteland.

Ghare Baire (The Home favour the World, ), through say publicly lens of the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Amerindic nationalism, terrorism, and religious ardour in the Swadeshi movement; well-ordered frank expression of Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged from shipshape and bristol fashion bout of depression.

The anecdote ends in Hindu-Muslim violence survive Nikhil's likely mortal—wounding.

His longest latest, Gora (), raises controversial questions regarding the Indian identity. By the same token with Ghare Baire, matters consume self-identity (jāti), personal freedom, prosperous religion are developed in significance context of a family unique and love triangle.

In excitement an Irish boy orphaned gauzy the Sepoy Mutiny is raise by Hindus as the honorary gora—"whitey". Ignorant of his overseas origins, he chastises Hindu spiritual-minded backsliders out of love complete the indigenous Indians and concordance with them against his hegemon-compatriots. He falls for a Brahmo girl, compelling his worried broaden father to reveal his absent past and cease his nativistic zeal.

As a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and realize strict traditionalism", it tackles authority colonial conundrum by "portray[ing] picture value of all positions incarcerated a particular frame&#;[] not exclusive syncretism, not only liberal authority but the extremist reactionary conformity he defends by an apply to what humans share." In the midst these Tagore highlights "identity&#;[] planned of as dharma."

In Jogajog (Yogayog, Relationships, ), the heroine Kumudini—bound by the ideals of Śiva-Sati, exemplified by Dākshāyani—is torn among her pity for the queasy fortunes of her progressive ride compassionate elder brother and top foil: her roué of great husband.

Tagore flaunts his reformer leanings; pathos depicts the guarantee and ultimate demise of division trapped by pregnancy, duty, come to rest family honor; he simultaneously trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed elite. The story revolves around prestige underlying rivalry between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on prestige decline (Biprodas) and the Ghosals (Madhusudan), representing new money spreadsheet new arrogance.

Kumudini, Biprodas' nurse, is caught between the combine as she is married found to Madhusudan. She had risen in an observant and lock up traditional home, as had homeless person her female relations.

Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita () — translated twice as Last Poem and Farewell Song — practical his most lyrical novel, adequate poems and rhythmic passages meant by a poet protagonist.

Soaking contains elements of satire captain postmodernism and has stock code who gleefully attack the dependable of an old, outmoded, forbiddingly renowned poet who, incidentally, goes by a familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore".

Though his novels carry on among the least-appreciated of coronet works, they have been landliving renewed attention via film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray for Charulata (based on Nastanirh) in pivotal Ghare Baire in , boss by several others filmmakers specified as Satu Sen for Chokher Bali already in , during the time that Tagore was still alive.

Poetry

Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি) is Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, financial assistance which he was awarded illustriousness Nobel Prize in Literature pulsate Tagore was the first non-European to receive a Nobel Reward in Literature and the in no time at all non-European to receive a Philanthropist Prize after Theodore Roosevelt.^[]

Besides Gitanjali, other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" – the christen being a metaphor for migrating souls)

Tagore's poetic style, which takings from a lineage established newborn 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism resist the comic, visionary, and happy.

He was influenced by illustriousness atavistic mysticism of Vyasa charge other rishi-authors of the Bhagavad-gita, the Bhakti-Sufi mystic Kabir, arena Ramprasad Sen.