Aldous huxley biography brevetti

English writer and philosopher (1894–1963)

Aldous Leonard Huxley (AWL-dəs; 26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer reprove philosopher.^[1][2][3][4] His bibliography spans fundamentally 50 books,^[6] including non-fiction contortion, as well as essays, narratives, and poems.

Born into loftiness prominent Huxley family, he slow from Balliol College, Oxford, better a degree in English facts. Early in his career, filth published short stories and chime and edited the literary periodical Oxford Poetry, before going veneer to publish travel writing, send-up, and screenplays. He spent probity latter part of his strive in the United States, maintenance in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death.^[7] By honourableness end of his life, Physiologist was widely acknowledged as sole of the foremost intellectuals declining his time.

He was appointive for the Nobel Prize tight Literature nine times,^[9] and was elected Companion of Literature unwelcoming the Royal Society of Writings in 1962.^[10]

Huxley was a disarmer. He grew interested in theoretical mysticism,^[12] as well as universalism, addressing these subjects in reward works such as The Durable Philosophy (1945), which illustrates commonalities between Western and Eastern holiness, and The Doors of Perception (1954), which interprets his burst psychedelic experience with mescaline.

Shamble his most famous novel Brave New World (1932) and her highness final novel Island (1962), why not? presented his visions of dystopia and utopia, respectively.

Early life

See also: Huxley family

Huxley was home-grown in Godalming, Surrey, England, avow 26 July 1894.^[14][15] He was the third son of rank writer and schoolmaster Leonard Biologist, who edited The Cornhill Magazine,^[16] and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Fountain pen School.

Julia was the niece of poet and critic Gospel Arnold and the sister in this area Mrs. Humphry Ward. Julia labelled him Aldous after a category in one of her sister's novels.^[17] Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, integrity zoologist, agnostic, and controversialist who had often been called "Darwin's Bulldog". His brother Julian Author and half-brother Andrew Huxley likewise became outstanding biologists.

Aldous confidential another brother, Noel Trevenen Author (1889–1914), who took his allencompassing life after a period give an account of clinical depression.^[18]

As a child, Huxley's nickname was "Ogie", diminutive represent "Ogre".^[19] He was described soak his brother, Julian, as humane who frequently contemplated "the peculiarity of things".^[19] According to her highness cousin and contemporary Gervas Biologist, he had an early keeping in drawing.^[19]

Huxley's education began stem his father's well-equipped botanical lab, after which he enrolled take care of Hillside School near Godalming.^[20][21] Agreed was taught there by her majesty own mother for several epoch until she became terminally severe.

After Hillside he went split up to Eton College. His matriarch died in 1908, when significant was 14 (his father afterwards remarried). He contracted the optic disease keratitis punctata in 1911; this "left [him] practically eyeless for two to three years"^[22] and "ended his early dreams of becoming a doctor".^[23] Remodel October 1913, Huxley entered Balliol College, Oxford, where he moved English literature.

He volunteered honor the British Army in Jan 1916, for the Great War; however, he was rejected vary health grounds, being half-blind put it to somebody one eye. His eyesight posterior partly recovered. He edited Oxford Poetry in 1916, and imprint June of that year moderate BA with first class decorations. His brother Julian wrote:

I believe his blindness was capital blessing in disguise.

For combine thing, it put paid interruption his idea of taking stanchion medicine as a career ... Diadem uniqueness lay in his universalism. He was able to particular all knowledge for his province.^[25]

Following his years at Balliol, Physiologist, being financially indebted to circlet father, decided to find canton.

He taught French for put in order year at Eton College, whither Eric Blair (who was argue with take the pen name Martyr Orwell) and Steven Runciman were among his pupils. He was mainly remembered as being entail incompetent schoolmaster unable to restrain order in class. Nevertheless, Statesman and others spoke highly spectacle his excellent command of language.^[26]

Huxley also worked for a repel during the 1920s at Brunner and Mond, an advanced chemic plant in Billingham in District Durham, northeast England.

According pick up an introduction to his skill fiction novel Brave New World (1932), the experience he difficult there of "an ordered world in a world of rudderless incoherence" was an important tone for the novel.^[27]

Career

Huxley completed jurisdiction first (unpublished) novel at significance age of 17 and began writing seriously in his dependable twenties, establishing himself as far-out successful writer and social facetiousness.

His first published novels were social satires, Crome Yellow (1921), Antic Hay (1923), Those Sterile Leaves (1925), and Point Disc Point (1928). Brave New World (1932) was his fifth unusual and first dystopian work. Straighten out the 1920s, he was additionally a contributor to Vanity Fair and British Vogue magazines.

Contact counterpart the Bloomsbury Group

During the Extreme World War, Huxley spent unwarranted of his time at Garsington Manor near Oxford, home show Lady Ottoline Morrell, working sort a farm labourer.

While accessible the Manor, he met not too Bloomsbury Group figures, including Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead,^[29] flourishing Clive Bell. Later, in Crome Yellow (1921), he caricatured depiction Garsington lifestyle. Jobs were as well scarce, but in 1919, Bathroom Middleton Murry was reorganising ethics Athenaeum and invited Huxley commerce join the staff.

He thrust immediately, and quickly married decency Belgian refugee Maria Nys (1899–1955), also at Garsington.^[30] They momentary with their young son renovate Italy part of the purpose during the 1920s, where Author would visit his friend Circle. H. Lawrence. Following Lawrence's dying in 1930 (he and Mare were present at his grip in Provence), Huxley edited Lawrence's letters (1932).^[31] Very early bring into being 1929, in London, Huxley fall over Gerald Heard, a writer accept broadcaster, philosopher and interpreter hill contemporary science.

Heard was practically five years older than Biologist, and introduced him to unornamented variety of profound ideas, exquisite interconnections, and various emerging metaphysical and psychotherapy methods.^[32]

Works of that period included novels about glory dehumanising aspects of scientific improvement, (his magnum opusBrave New World), and on pacifist themes (Eyeless in Gaza).^[33] In Brave Pristine World, set in a dystopian London, Huxley portrays a kinship operating on the principles designate mass production and Pavlovian conditioning.^[34] Huxley was strongly influenced unreceptive F.

Matthias Alexander, on whom he based a character huddle together Eyeless in Gaza.^[35]

During this term, Huxley began to write stomach edit non-fiction works on pacifistic issues, including Ends and Means (1937), An Encyclopedia of Pacifism, and Pacifism and Philosophy, beam was an active member encourage the Peace Pledge Union (PPU).^[36]

Life in the United States

In 1937, Huxley moved to Hollywood friendliness his wife Maria, son Gospels Huxley, and friend Gerald Heard.

Cyril Connolly wrote, of righteousness two intellectuals (Huxley and Heard) in the late 1930s, "all European avenues had been wearied in the search for natty way forward – politics, neutralize, science – pitching them both toward the US in 1937."^[37] Huxley lived in the U.S., mainly southern California,^[38][39][40] until sovereign death, and for a about in Taos, New Mexico, whither he wrote Ends and Means (1937).

The book contains tracts on war,inequality,religion and ethics.

Heard extrinsic Huxley to Vedanta (Upanishad-centered philosophy), meditation, and vegetarianism through say publicly principle of ahimsa. In 1938, Huxley befriended Jiddu Krishnamurti, whose teachings he greatly admired. Writer and Krishnamurti entered into prominence enduring exchange (sometimes edging disquiet debate) over many years, introduce Krishnamurti representing the more thin, detached, ivory-tower perspective and Writer, with his pragmatic concerns, righteousness more socially and historically learned position.

Huxley wrote a exordium to Krishnamurti's quintessential statement, The First and Last Freedom (1954).^[45]

Huxley and Heard became Vedantists cut the group formed around HinduSwami Prabhavananda, and subsequently introduced Christopher Isherwood to the circle. Need long afterwards, Huxley wrote diadem book on widely held priestly values and ideas, The Abiding Philosophy, which discussed the reason of renowned mystics of prestige world.^[46][47]

Huxley became a close keep a note of of Remsen Bird, president grow mouldy Occidental College.

He spent unnecessary time at the college hostage the Eagle Rock neighbourhood apparent Los Angeles. The college appears as "Tarzana College" in potentate satirical novel After Many well-organized Summer (1939). The novel won Huxley a British literary bestow, the 1939 James Tait Swart Memorial Prize for fiction. Writer also incorporated Bird into depiction novel.^[49]

During this period, Huxley fair a substantial income as on the rocks Hollywood screenwriter; Christopher Isherwood, refurbish his autobiography My Guru viewpoint His Disciple, states that Physiologist earned more than $3,000 common week (approximately $50,000^[50] in 2020 dollars) as a screenwriter, with the addition of that he used much advance it to transport Jewish vital left-wing writer and artist refugees from Hitler's Germany to nobility US.^[51] In March 1938, Huxley's friend Anita Loos, a hack and screenwriter, put him constrict touch with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which hired him for Madame Curie which was originally to knowhow Greta Garbo and be certain by George Cukor.

(Eventually, honesty film was completed by MGM in 1943 with a dissimilar director and cast.) Huxley standard screen credit for Pride boss Prejudice (1940) and was paying for his work on spiffy tidy up number of other films, together with Jane Eyre (1944). He was commissioned by Walt Disney be grateful for 1945 to write a letters based on Alice's Adventures call a halt Wonderland and the biography hark back to the story's author, Lewis Writer.

The script was not ragged, however.^[52]

Huxley wrote an introduction pick up the posthumous publication of Particularize. D. Unwin's 1940 book Hopousia or The Sexual and Cheap Foundations of a New Society.^[53]

On 21 October 1949, Huxley wrote to George Orwell, author suggest Nineteen Eighty-Four, congratulating him backside "how fine and how abjectly important the book is".

Stuff his letter, he predicted:

"Within the next generation Unrestrainable believe that the world's influential will discover that infant astringent and narcohypnosis are more nowhere to be found, as instruments of government, prior to clubs and prisons, and focus the lust for power stare at be just as completely complacent by suggesting people into doting their servitude as by lashing them and kicking them go-slow obedience."^[54]

In 1953, Huxley and Mare applied for United States clan and presented themselves for inspection.

When Huxley refused to earnings arms for the U.S. dowel would not state that climax objections were based on unworldly ideals, the only excuse permissible under the McCarran Act, excellence judge had to adjourn prestige proceedings.^[56] He withdrew his request. Nevertheless, he remained in high-mindedness U.S. In 1959, Huxley graveolent down an offer to rectify made a Knight Bachelor stomach-turning the Macmillan government without freehanded a reason; his brother Solon had been knighted in 1958, while his brother Andrew would be knighted in 1974.^[57]

In illustriousness fall semester of 1960 Author was invited by Professor Filmmaker Smith to be the Educator Visiting professor of humanities rot the Massachusetts Institute of Bailiwick (MIT).^[58] As part of decency MIT centennial program of word organised by the Department jump at Humanities, Huxley presented a suite of lectures titled, "What unadorned Piece of Work is unadorned Man" which concerned history, dialect, and art.^[59]

Robert S.

de Ropp (scientist, humanitarian, and author), who had spent time with Author in England in the Thirties, connected with him again epoxy resin the U.S. in the indeed 1960s and wrote that "the enormous intellect, the beautifully considered voice, the gentle objectivity, recurrent were unchanged. He was reschedule of the most highly refined human beings I had quickthinking met."^[60]

Late-in-life perspectives

Biographer Harold H.

Theologiser wrote that Huxley's writings absorb the "final and extended interval of his life" are "the work of a man who is meditating on the dominant problems of many modern men".^[61] Huxley had deeply felt apprehensions about the future the dash world might make for strike. From these, he made different warnings in his writings distinguished talks.

In a 1958 televised interview conducted by journalist Microphone Wallace, Huxley outlined several larger concerns: the difficulties and dangers of world overpopulation; the intellect towards distinctly hierarchical social organisation; the crucial importance of evaluating the use of technology play a role mass societies susceptible to persuasion; the tendency to promote fresh politicians to a naive communal as well-marketed commodities.^[62] In practised December 1962 letter to kin Julian, summarizing a paper prohibited had presented in Santa Barbara, he wrote, "What I voiced articulate was that if we didn't pretty quickly start thinking endorse human problems in ecological language rather than in terms replicate power politics we should complete soon be in a all right way."

Huxley's engagement with Eastern fragility traditions was entirely compatible deal a strong appreciation of recent science.

Biographer Milton Birnbaum wrote that Huxley "ended by clutches both science and Eastern religion".^[64] In his last book, Literature and Science, Huxley wrote go "The ethical and philosophical implications of modern science are work up Buddhist than Christian...."^[65] In "A Philosopher's Visionary Prediction", published pooled month before he died, Writer endorsed training in general semantics and "the nonverbal world bring into play culturally uncontaminated consciousness", writing range "We must learn how go on a trip be mentally silent, we mildew cultivate the art of candid receptivity....

[T]he individual must bring to a close to decondition himself, must remedy able to cut holes pledge the fence of verbalized script that hems him in."^[66]

Spiritual views

See also: Spiritual but not religious

Huxley described himself as agnostic, uncut word coined by his oap Thomas Henry Huxley, a someone who championed the scientific course of action and was a major partisan of Darwin's theories.

This decline the definition he gave, “…it is wrong for a fellow to say that he abridge certain of the objective story of any proposition unless fiasco can produce evidence which congenitally justifies that certainty.”^[67] Aldous Huxley's agnosticism, together with his notional propensity, made it difficult connote him fully embrace any act of institutionalised religion.^[68] Over ethics last 30 years of tiara life, he accepted and wrote about concepts found in Hinduism and was a leading back of the Perennial Philosophy, which holds that the same unworldly truths are found in come to blows the major religions of picture world.

In the 1920s, Huxley was skeptical of religion, "Earlier joy his career he had jilted mysticism, often poking fun whack it in his novels [...]"Gerald Heard became an influential analyst of Huxley, and since nobility mid-1920s had been exploring Hinduism, as a way of comprehension individual human life and leadership individual's relationship to the earth.

Heard and Huxley both proverb the political implications of Hindooism, which could help bring concerning peace, specifically that there quite good an underlying reality that roughness humans and the universe burst in on a part of. In nobleness 1930s, Huxley and Gerald Heard both became active in leadership effort to avoid another cosmos war, writing essays and someday publicly speaking in support complete the Peace Pledge Union.

On the other hand, they remained frustrated by description conflicting goals of the civil left – some favoring pacificism (as did Huxley and Heard), while other wanting to side up arms against fascism unexciting the Spanish Civil War.^[74]

After abutting the PPU, Huxley expressed wreath frustration with politics in great letter from 1935, “…the shape finally resolves itself into out religious problem — an thankless fact which one must break down prepared to face and which I have come during blue blood the gentry last year to find come next easier to face.”^[75] Huxley soar Heard turned their attention surrender addressing the big problems tip off the world through transforming distinction individual, "[...] a forest commission only as green as say publicly individual trees of the thicket is green [...]" This was the genesis of the Person Potential Movement, that gained twinge in the 1960s.^[77]

In the look out on 1930s, Huxley and Heard immigrated to the United States, put up with beginning in 1939 and eternal until his death in 1963, Huxley had an extensive company with the Vedanta Society infer Southern California, founded and nasty by Swami Prabhavananda.

Together cream Gerald Heard, Christopher Isherwood suffer other followers, he was initiated by the Swami and was taught meditation and spiritual pandect. From 1941 until 1960, Physiologist contributed 48 articles to Vedanta and the West, published soak the society. He also served on the editorial board grow smaller Isherwood, Heard, and playwright Can Van Druten from 1951 wear out 1962.

In 1942 The Certainty of Ramakrishna was published make wet the Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center in Original York. The book was translated by Swami Nikhilananda, with longsuffering from Joseph Campbell and Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of At large president Woodrow Wilson. Aldous Biologist wrote in the foreword, "...a book unique, so far though my knowledge goes, in glory literature of hagiography.

Never receive the small events of excellent contemplative's daily life been alleged with such a wealth position intimate detail. Never have primacy casual and unstudied utterances infer a great religious teacher antediluvian set down with so split second a fidelity."^[78][79]

In 1944, Huxley wrote the introduction to the Bhagavad Gita – The Song line of attack God,^[80] translated by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, which was published by the Vedanta Concert party of Southern California.

As undecorated advocate of the perennial position, Huxley was drawn to rectitude Gita, as he explained worry the Introduction, written during WWII, when it was still cry clear who would win:

The Bhagavad Gita is perhaps illustriousness most systematic scriptural statement appreciate the Perennial Philosophy.

To clever world at war, a earth that, because it lacks decency intellectual and spiritual prerequisites get at peace, can only hope accept patch up some kind slate precarious armed truce, it stands pointing, clearly and unmistakably, disturb the only road of free from the self–imposed necessity regard self–destruction.^[80]

As a means of in person realizing the "divine Reality", without fear described a "Minimum Working Hypothesis" in the Introduction to Guiding light Prabhavananda's and Christopher Isherwood's paraphrase of the Bhagavad Gita don in a free-standing essay manner Vedanta and the West,^[81] unornamented publication of Vedanta Press.

That is the outline, that Biologist elaborates on in the article:

For those of us who are not congenitally the associates of an organized church, who have found that humanism stall nature-worship are not enough, who are not content to be there in the darkness of inexperience, the squalor of vice conquest the other squalor of integrity, the minimum working hypothesis would seem to run to pine this:

That there is expert Godhead, Ground, Brahman, Clear Ducks of the Void, which quite good the unmanifested principle of indicate manifestations.

That the Ground abridge at once transcendent and hereditary.

That it is possible fetch human beings to love, hear and, from virtually, to suit actually identical with the ecclesiastical Ground.

That to achieve that unitive knowledge of the Sanctity daemon is the final end courier purpose of human existence.

That there is a Code or Dharma which must pull up obeyed, a Tao or Mode which must be followed, provided men are to achieve their final end.^[81]

For Huxley, one exert a pull on the attractive features of Hinduism is that it provided dialect trig historic and established philosophy last practice that embraced the Inveterate Philosophy; that there is skilful commonality of experiences across adept the mystical branches of magnanimity world's religions.

Huxley wrote of great consequence the introduction of his publication The Perennial Philosophy:

The Continuing Philosophy is primarily concerned chart the one, divine Reality primary to the manifold world discount things and lives and near to the ground. But the nature of that one Reality is such turn it cannot be directly bear immediately apprehended except by those who have chosen to fit certain conditions, making themselves kind, pure in heart, and romantic in spirit.^[83]

Huxley also occasionally lectured at the Hollywood and Santa Barbara Vedanta temples.

Two chastisement those lectures have been unbound on CD: Knowledge and Understanding and Who Are We? give birth to 1955.

Many of Huxley's crop and critics were disappointed dampen Huxley's turn to mysticism;^[84] Writer describes in his diary add he had to explain probity criticism to Huxley's widow, Laura:

[December 11, 1963, efficient few weeks after Aldous Huxley’s death] The publisher had tacit John Lehmann should write rendering biography.

Laura [Huxley] asked bleed what I thought of excellence idea, so I had trigger tell her that John disbelieves in, and is aggressive promoting, the metaphysical beliefs that Aldous held. All he would tell of would be a clever juvenile intellectual who later was vitiated by Hollywood and went misplaced after spooks.^[85]

Psychedelic drug use put up with mystical experiences

See also: The Doors of Perception

In early 1953, Author had his first experience goslow the psychedelic drug mescaline.

Author had initiated a correspondence with the addition of Doctor Humphry Osmond, a Country psychiatrist then employed in precise Canadian institution, and eventually without being prompted him to supply a dispense of mescaline; Osmond obliged put forward supervised Huxley's session in gray California. After the publication acquire The Doors of Perception, have as a feature which he recounted this way, Huxley and Swami Prabhavananda disagreed about the meaning and rate advantage of the psychedelic drug familiarity, which may have caused righteousness relationship to cool, but Physiologist continued to write articles expulsion the society's journal, lecture deride the temple, and attend public functions.

Huxley later had draw in experience on mescaline that unquestionable considered more profound than those detailed in The Doors own up Perception.

Huxley wrote that "The mystical experience is doubly valuable; it is valuable because security gives the experiencer a holiday understanding of himself and ethics world and because it could help him to lead spiffy tidy up less self-centered and more resourceful life."^[86]

Having tried LSD in justness 1950s, he became an counselor to Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert in their early-1960s investigation work with psychedelic drugs consider Harvard.

Personality differences led Biologist to distance himself from Psychologist, when Huxley grew concerned give it some thought Leary had become too literal on indiscriminately promoting the drugs.^[87][88]

Eyesight

Differing accounts exist about the petty details of the quality of Huxley's eyesight at specific points extract his life.

Circa 1939, Writer encountered the Bates method, directive which he was instructed surpass Margaret Darst Corbett. In 1940, Huxley relocated from Hollywood abide by a 40-acre (16 ha) ranchito tabled the high desert hamlet show consideration for Llano, California, in northern Los Angeles County. Huxley then aforesaid that his sight improved dramatically with the Bates method prosperous the extreme and pure normal lighting of the southwestern Indweller desert.

He reported that, complete the first time in supplementary than 25 years, he was able to read without exhibit and without strain. He unchanging tried driving a car well ahead the dirt road beside excellence ranch. He wrote a precise about his experiences with primacy Bates method, The Art chief Seeing, which was published incline 1942 (U.S.), 1943 (UK).

Blue blood the gentry book contained some generally unrefuted theories, and its publication coined a growing degree of approved controversy about Huxley's eyesight.^[89]

Seize was, and is, widely putative that Huxley was nearly eyeless since the illness in cap teens, despite the partial refreshment that had enabled him tell somebody to study at Oxford.

For comments, some ten years after delivery of The Art of Seeing, in 1952, Bennett Cerf was present when Huxley spoke deride a Hollywood banquet, wearing rebuff glasses and apparently reading tiara paper from the lectern evade difficulty:

Then suddenly he faltered—and the disturbing truth became perceptible.

He wasn't reading his native land at all. He had erudite it by heart. To renew his memory he brought significance paper closer and closer face his eyes. When it was only an inch or advantageous away he still couldn't expire it, and had to pompous for a magnifying glass seep in his pocket to make blue blood the gentry typing visible to him.

On your toes was an agonising moment.^[90]

Brazilian essayist João Ubaldo Ribeiro, who whereas a young journalist spent various evenings in the Huxleys' ballet company in the late 1950s, wrote that Huxley had said submit him, with a wry smile: "I can hardly see elbow all. And I don't assign a damn, really."^[91]

On description other hand, Huxley's second helpmate Laura later emphasised in team up biographical account, This Timeless Moment: "One of the great achievements of his life: that model having regained his sight." Pinpoint revealing a letter she wrote to the Los Angeles Times disclaiming the label of Author as a "poor fellow who can hardly see" by Director C.

Alvarez, she tempered afflict statement:

Although I feel pass was an injustice to go rotten Aldous as though he were blind, it is true at hand were many indications of sovereign impaired vision. For instance, even though Aldous did not wear extravaganza, he would quite often drink a magnifying lens.^[92]

Laura Biologist proceeded to elaborate a scarcely any nuances of inconsistency peculiar fall prey to Huxley's vision.

Her account, direct this respect, agrees with significance following sample of Huxley's definite words from The Art have a good time Seeing:

The most characteristic naked truth about the functioning of honesty total organism, or any withdraw of the organism, is avoid it is not constant, nevertheless highly variable.^[93]

Nevertheless, the operation love affair of Huxley's eyesight has prolonged to endure similar, significant controversy.^[94] American popular science author Steven Johnson, in his book Mind Wide Open, quotes Huxley ponder his difficulties with visual encoding:

I am and, for in that long as I can recognize, I have always been well-ordered poor visualizer.

Words, even justness pregnant words of poets, come loose not evoke pictures in free mind. No hypnagogic visions bemoan me on the verge stand for sleep. When I recall cape, the memory does not existing itself to me as neat as a pin vividly seen event or item. By an effort of prestige will, I can evoke dexterous not very vivid image make famous what happened yesterday afternoon ...^[95][96]

Personal life

Huxley married on 10 July 1919^[97] Maria Nys (10 September 1899 – 12 February 1955), spiffy tidy up Belgian epidemiologist from Bellem,^[97] practised village near Aalter, he fall over at Garsington, Oxfordshire, in 1919.

They had one child, Book Huxley (19 April 1920 – 10 February 2005), who difficult a career as an penman, anthropologist, and prominent epidemiologist.^[98] Misrepresent 1955, Maria Huxley died asset cancer.^[23]

In 1956, Huxley married Laura Archera (1911–2007), also an hack, as well as a fiddler and psychotherapist.^[23] She wrote This Timeless Moment, a biography catch Huxley.

She told the parcel of their marriage through Habitual Ann Braubach's 2010 documentary, Huxley on Huxley.^[99]

Huxley was diagnosed ordain laryngeal cancer in 1960; slot in the years that followed, succeed his health deteriorating, he wrote the utopian novel Island,^[100] extract gave lectures on "Human Potentialities" both at the UCSF Analeptic Center and at the Esalen Institute.

These lectures were rudimentary to the beginning of goodness Human Potential Movement.^[77]

Huxley was swell close friend of Jiddu Krishnamurti and Rosalind Rajagopal, and was involved in the creation prescription the Happy Valley School, nowadays Besant Hill School, of Overjoyed Valley, in Ojai, California.

The most substantial collection of Huxley's few remaining papers, following depiction destruction of most in say publicly 1961 Bel Air Fire, laboratory analysis at the Library of leadership University of California, Los Angeles.^[101] Some are also at magnanimity Stanford University Libraries.^[102]

On 9 Apr 1962 Huxley was informed proscribed was elected Companion of Culture by the Royal Society round Literature, the senior literary methodicalness in Britain, and he standard the title via letter bargain 28 April 1962.^[103] The packages between Huxley and the the public is kept at the University University Library.^[103] The society appreciated Huxley to appear at trim banquet and give a disquisition at Somerset House, London, dependably June 1963.

Huxley wrote topping draft of the speech subside intended to give at leadership society; however, his deteriorating ailment meant he was not advantageous to attend.^[103]

Death

In 1960, Huxley was diagnosed with oral cancer brook for the next three maturity his health steadily declined. Relate to 4 November 1963, less mystify three weeks before Huxley's temporality, author Christopher Isherwood, a magazine columnist of 25 years, visited enclosure Cedars Sinai Hospital and wrote his impressions:

I came distribute with the picture of shipshape and bristol fashion great noble vessel sinking move unseen into the deep; many not later than its delicate marvelous mechanisms calm in perfect order, all corruption lights still shining.^[104]

At home continual his deathbed, unable to correspond owing to cancer that esoteric metastasized, Huxley made a impossible to get into request to his wife Laura for "LSD, 100 μg, intramuscular." According to her account put a stop to his death^[105] in This Ceaseless Moment, she obliged with phony injection at 11:20 a.m.

and smart second dose an hour later; Huxley died aged 69, urge 5:20 p.m. PST on 22 Nov 1963.

Media coverage of Huxley's eliminate, along with that of boy British author C. S. Sprinter, was overshadowed by the butchery of John F. Kennedy discussion the same day, less already seven hours before Huxley's death.^[107] In a 2009 article convey New York magazine titled "The Eclipsed Celebrity Death Club", Christopher Bonanos wrote:

The championship apportion for badly timed death, scour through, goes to a pair obvious British writers.

Aldous Huxley, nobleness author of Brave New World, died the same day primate C. S. Lewis, who wrote the Chronicles of Narnia pile. Unfortunately for both of their legacies, that day was Nov 22, 1963, just as Lavatory Kennedy's motorcade passed the Texas School Book Depository. Huxley, fall back least, made it interesting: Indulgence his request, his wife discharge him up with LSD top-hole couple of hours before goodness end, and he tripped enthrone way out of this world.^[108]

This coincidence served as the reason for Peter Kreeft's book Between Heaven and Hell: A Script Somewhere Beyond Death with Lav F.

Kennedy, C. S. Pianist, & Aldous Huxley, which imagines a conversation among the twosome men taking place in Purgatory following their deaths.^[109]

Huxley's memorial function took place in London seep in December 1963; it was dynamic by his elder brother Solon. On 27 October 1971, rulership ashes were interred in rendering family grave at the Theologiser Cemetery, home of the Theologist Mortuary Chapel in Compton, Guildford, Surrey, England.^[111]

Huxley had been unblended long-time friend of Russian designer Igor Stravinsky, who dedicated monarch last orchestral composition to Physiologist.

What became Variations: Aldous Biologist in memoriam was begun magnify July 1963, completed in Oct 1964, and premiered by picture Chicago Symphony Orchestra on 17 April 1965.

Awards

Commemoration

In 2021, Huxley was one of six British writers commemorated on a series outline UK postage stamps issued near Royal Mail to celebrate Nation science fiction.^[118] One classic principles fiction novel from each father was depicted, with Brave Newborn World chosen to represent Huxley.^[118]

Publications and adaptations

Main article: Aldous Writer bibliography

See also

References

Citations