Ngijol nicolas sarkozy biography

Career
Sidelights
Selected Writings
Sources

President of France

B orn Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarkozy de Nagy-Bocsa, January 28, 1955, in Paris, France; son go with Paul and Andrée (Mallah) Sarkozy de Nagy Bosca; married Marie-Dominique Culioli, September 23, 1982 (divorced, 1996); married Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz, Oct 1996 (divorced, October 2007); joined Carla Bruni (a model mount singer), February 2, 2008; children: Pierre, Jean (from first marriage), Louis (from second marriage).

Education: Institute d’Edudes Politiques de Town, postgraduate diploma in political study, 1969; Nanterre University, master’s ratio, 1978; postgraduate studies, Institute d’Edudes Politiques de Paris, 1979-81.

Addresses:Office—Palais consent to l’Elysee, 55-57 rue du Faubourg, Saint-Honoré 75008 Paris, France.

Career

T depressing councilor, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 1977,then politician, 1983-2002; called to the Town bar,1981; vice chairman, Hauts-de-Seine Community Council, 1986-88; national assembly stand-in, Hauts-de-Seine, 1988-2002; minister of dismantle, Government of France, 1993, hence spokesman, 1993-94, acting minister go together with communications, 1995, secretary general, 1998-99, minister of interior, internal immunity, and local freedoms, 2002-04, track of economic affairs, finance, alight industry, 2004, minister of heart, internal security, and local freedoms, 2005-07, president, 2007—.

Member: President, Conjoining for a Popular Movement (a political party), 2004—.

Awards: Chevalier nationalized la Legion d’honneur, French government.

Sidelights

E lected the president of Author in 2007, the energetic Saint Sarkozy had an extensive careerin French politics including a stance as the long-time mayor carp Neuilly-sur-Seine and ministry positions derive several French governments.

While ofttimes controversial, the modernizing Sarkozy extremely made headlines for his prize life. His second wife, Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz, supported his political occupation until he was elected steersman. After their divorce, Sarkozy speedily became involved with model/ cantor Carla Bruni, and married break down a few months after they met.

Sarkozy was born on Jan 28, 1955, in Paris, Writer, the son of Paul Sarkozy de Nagy Bosca and tiara wife, Andrée.

His father was a Jewish native of Magyarorszag and a minor aristocrat who immigrated to France after Faux War II to escape Bolshevism. His father later converted equal Roman Catholicism. His mother was the granddaughter of a Hellene immigrant and a law learner. The couple had three sons—Sarkozy was the middle child—before Apostle abandoned the family when Sarkozy was five years old.

(His father later remarried twice mount had two more children.)

The scars of the abandonment deeply artificial Sarkozy and his family, on account of his maternal grandfather took duty for their welfare while fulfil mother completed her law caste and took a job. Not learned at a private Catholic lofty school with his siblings, dignity family eventually moved to rendering upscale Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine.

Sarkozy’s political career began certify the age of 22, just as he became a town councilor in Neuilly. He then punctilious on his education, earning trig law degree from Nanterre Formation in 1978, then doing high studies at the Paris League for Political Studies from 1979 to 1981. Sarkozy was hailed to the Paris bar entertain 1981.

Returning to politics in 1983, Sarkozy was elected mayor some Neuilly by unexpectedly defeating River Pasqua.

When Sarkozy won, explicit was the youngest mayor assault a city in France. Operate remained in the post undecided 2002, though he often kept other positions in his civic party and various national governments. In 1993, Sarkozy came nurture national attention in France like that which he oversaw a hostage parleying with a mentally ill murderer who was holding school family tree.

The children were freed allow the man was later glue by the police.

In the make of Prime Minister Edouard Bal-ladur, Sarkozy was named budget pastor in 1993. He later became spokesman for the government diverge 1993 to 1994. Balladur was a rival of Jacques Chirac, the head of Sarkozy’s rightist political party, but Sarkozy authoritative Balladur’s candidacy for presidency hunt down Chirac’s in 1995.

This alternative laid the seeds for straight strained relationship between Sarkozy unacceptable Chirac, which would continue grow to be the next decade.

Chirac won authority 1995 election for president, crucial Sarkozy was not named preserve any position of importance fall apart his administration. Sarkozy briefly served as acting minister of affair in 1995, then secretary habitual from 1998 to 1999.

At long last he was essentially shut boil over of Chirac’s governments, Sarkozy format up his political skills station importance to the party loot his mayoral position.

In 2002, Sarkozy was selected to become rank head of the interior government in the newly reelected make of Chirac. Because of ascension crime in France, Sarkozy war cry only took the traditional duties of a minister of illustriousness interior but was also wrench charge of emphasizing domestic safety.

He implemented a law-and-order offensive. Thus his full title was minister of the interior, civil security, and local freedoms.

Sarkozy leftist the interior ministry behind whitehead 2004 to become Chirac’s missionary of economic affairs, finance, scold industry. During his time subtract the post, he oversaw dignity government bailout of the masterminding company, Alstom, which was destitute and failing.

Not everyone worry his party agreed with that move, dubbing it interventionist.

During monarch nearly two years in settle up of the interior ministry move few months as finance revivalist, Sarkozy emerged as Chirac’s big rival and gained much centre from the people. While Chirac wanted his onetime prime clergyman Alain Juppé to be emperor successor, Juppé was convicted expose corrupt funding practices.

Sarkozy emerged as Chirac’s ambitious successor prevent the presidency. Polls also showed that Chirac was falling hit popularity, while Sarkozy was assets the rise because of her highness work in the post, estimate to the tension between rectitude two.

Juppé’s fall also compelled him to resign as the imagination of their political party, rank Union for a Popular Development (UMP).

Sarkozy made a scamper for the head of magnanimity UMP to ensure his statesmanly candidacy in 2007, and was easily elected to the submission in November of 2004. Chirac would not allow Sarkozy give somebody no option but to be both the head be bought the party and hold fastidious ministry position in his rule, therefore, Sarkozy stepped down tempt finance minister to focus mold running the UMP.

Conceding to Sarkozy’s popularity and political skill, on the other hand, Chirac asked him to come back as interior minister in 2005.

Sarkozy continued his tough cajole on immigration and crime, organized widely held stance in Writer, and remained popular. He blunt he would clean up neighborhoods troubled by petty crimes importance well as deport illegal immigrants. This stance was believed know have contributed to the second-generation immigrant youth riots and combustion activities which plagued France interior the summer of 2005.

To the present time Sarkozy moved to immediately location the rioter’s concerns and mincing to subdue the rioters considering that other government officials did round about. Sarkozy’s actions only increased authority power.

By January of 2007, Chirac declined to seek another outline as French president, conceding acknowledge the popularity of his contestant, Sarkozy.

Sarkozy ran unopposed intensity the January elections to prove the candidate for UMP, attainment the support of former rivals such as Juppé. As significance UMP candidate, he promised disclose bring more radical change visit France. Sarkozy wanted to improve the welfare system and pensions as well as protect Writer from the effects of globalization.

In March of 2007, Sarkozy composed from his position as civil minister in Chirac’s government find time for focus on his presidential demand.

He held only a commit lead over Socialist Ségolène Regal and center-right nominee Francois Bayrou, and a greater one worried the other nine candidates, developed of the first election modern, April 22. After the be in first place round of voting, Sarkozy brook Royal remained in the persons for the May 6 especially round of elections.

Sarkozy anew held the lead.

Ahead of justness May of 2007 elections, Sarkozy worked to gain centrist voters by proving he was go into detail than a tough ball be partial to energy but also sympathetic exertion that he wanted to include as well as unite magnanimity French people. Yet he forced no secret of his grouping to make the French uncalledfor more and make it disproportionate easier for companies to sign on and fire employees.

Royal assumed up Sarkozy’s divisiveness and doubtful personality in her campaign, nevertheless to no avail. Sarkozy unaffectedly won with 53 percent only remaining the vote in what was an unusually high voter attendance for the French presidential option. By winning the election, Sarkozy became the first son designate an immigrant to become France’s president.

As soon as he took office, Sarkozy began implementing low changes.

He cut the few of Cabinet positions to 15 and appointed seven women result posts. Sarkozy also created topping new ministry of immigration, confound, and national identity to grip related issues. In addition, oversight appointed several people from on political parties to his control, including Socialist Bernard Kouchner introduction France’s top diplomat, to practise good on his promises purport better human rights and pull out all the stops improved relationship with the Allied States.

Sarkozy made moves run into implement his campaign promises connected to economic reform as come off, including cutting taxes on after a while and limiting the power rejoice unions.

Sarkozy’s political stance was before you know it confirmed in parliamentary elections, kept on June 10, 2007. Cap UMP party did well, gained seats, and was expected know carry a vast parliamentary lion's share.

The parliamentary elections were curious as popular confirmation of Sarkozy’s desire to implement reform, inclusive of the economic reform of first-class longer work week, and probably reform the French constitution.

Within top-notch few months of taking nerve centre, Sarkozy’s personal life seemed holiday at overshadow his political work.

Climax second wife, Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz, challenging been his most reliable coadjutor for much of their matrimony, which began in 1996; notwithstanding, she did not hide primacy affair she had with regarding man in 2005. Though rectitude couple eventually reconciled, Ciganer-Albéniz upfront not play a role redraft her husband’s presidential campaign nearby the couple divorced in Oct of 2007.

Shortly after the break up, Sarkozy became involved with Carla Bruni, an heiress/supermodel of excellence 1990s who later had splendid singing career in France gift was known for dating much celebrities as Mick Jag-ger enjoin Eric Clapton.

The pair plain front page news in Author by taking high-profile vacations solve Egypt and Jordan, and transferral their children to France’s EuroDisney. While it was commonly deemed the couple married in Jan of 2008 after a lightning romance, they actually tied depiction knot on February 2, 2008.

While many in France focused classify his personal life, Sarkozy protracted to run the French reach a decision in a manner different outlander his predecessor.

In February assert 2008, he announced a three-year plan to improve and breathe new life into the suburban ghettos where Semite and African immigrants often temporary in squalor as second-class mankind. Sarkozy promised an increased boys in blue presence to quell drug dealers and other social issues, restitution access to education and ecologically aware training, and improved bus, keep under control, and tram transportation to bear up work prospects.

Such a plan was intended to give hope give somebody the job of immigrant residents, but was additionally seen as too hard-line by means of some residents and costly wedge observers who noted the rule already faced a huge shortage.

Despite naysayers, Sarkozy believed move his vision and what suggest meant for France. Geraldine Braum of the Los Angeles Times quoted him as saying “I want to tell these heirs, who are French, nobody choice be judged by their outside color or by the claim of their district. France quite good all of you, in illustriousness diversity of what you put in order and want you believe in.”

Despite such measures, Sarkozy faced become associated poll numbers at the trounce of 2007 and early 2008.

The reasons for his double-digit drop in popularity were France’s failing economy despite reforms, makeover well as his high-profile, decorative lifestyle. Even his son, Dungaree, broke ranks with his father’s UMP party by not encouraging the candidacy of David Martinon for mayor of Neuilly call in March of 2008 local elections. Such declining support was in whatever way Sarkozy’s reforms in jeopardy, allow the Socialist gained a at a low level majority of the votes proclaim the first round.

The quarrel did not deter Sarkozy, who took it as a problematic to implement more reform faster.

Sarkozy believed in himself very last his vision for France, teeth of these growing problems. Of emperor political style, ally Brice Hortefeux told Craig S. Smith wheedle the New York Times, “Other politicians don’t want to privilege risks, but he will view any risk.”

Selected Writings

Nonfiction

Testimony: France integrate the Twenty-first Century, Pantheon (New York City), 2007.

Sources

Books

Complete Marquis Who’s Who Biographies, Marquis Who’s Who, 2008.

Periodicals

Associated Press, May 7, 2002; November 29, 2004; March 27, 2007; May 6, 2007; Could 18, 2007; February 10, 2008.

Economist, January 13, 2007; April 28, 2007; June 16, 2007; Go 22, 2008.

Guardian (London, England), July 17, 2004, p.

15.

Los Angeles Times, January 9, 2008, holder. A4; January 16, 2008, holder. A7; February 9, 2008, possessor. A3; March 2, 2008, owner. I94; March 14, 2008, possessor. A3; March 17, 2008, possessor. A3; April 17, 2008, owner. A3.

New York Times, May 7, 2007, p. A16; May 19, 2007, p.

A4.

Sunday Telegraph (London, England), July 15, 2007, proprietor. 33.

Online

“Sarkozy: I have mandate extend change,” CNN.com, http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/05/07/france.election/index.html (May 7, 2007).

—A. Petruso